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Roma. Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 8 Ottobre
9.45-10.00 Opening and introduction by Dava Sobel (USA) 10.00-10.40 Margherita Hack (Università di Trieste, Italy) Ultraviolet Stellar Spectroscopy ABSTRACT. A brief history of the first UV observations is given. It started with very simple spectrometers placed on rockets in 1963. The first satellites for UV spectroscopy were OAO2:(NASA) launched in December1968 and TD1 (ESA) launched in March 1972. The first high resolution UV spectroscopy was made with OAO 3 (Copernicus) launched in August 1972 and then with the very successful satellite IUE (NASA,ESA) launched in January 1978 in a geostationary orbit. The main unexpected results were the discovery of high ionization lines requiring much higher temperatures than the photospheric temperatures in early types supergiants (a phenomenon called superionization). Important results for cosmology were obtained with Copernicus permitting to derive the abundance ratio D/H in the ISM . The depletion of several elements in the IS medium was discovered. Several observations of eclipsing binaries, and especially atmospheric eclipsing binaries, have clarified the nature of these systems. The physics of accretion disks in close interacting binaries has been developed mainly thanks to UV and Xray observations. 10.40-11.20 Pamela Ann Melroy (NASA- Lockheed Martin Corp., USA) Human Spaceflight – Shuttle, International Space Station, and Beyond to the Moon ABSTRACT. This presentation will include a description of current human spaceflight endeavors as seen from personal experience as a pilot and commander on the Space Shuttle during assembly missions to the International Space Station. It will include video and photographic highlights from a recent Space Shuttle mission. Additionally, the presenter will discuss the future of human spaceflight being planned for the NASA Constellation program, to include the Orion spacecraft, which will go to the International Space Station and to the Moon. 11.20-11.50 BREAK 11.50-12.30 Amalia Ercoli Finzi (Politecnico di Milano) Mars, a planet to be discovered ABSTRACT. Mars is a very interesting planet, with a thin atmosphere, craters, volcanoes, valleys, deserts and polar ice caps, which makes it similar to the Earth. Its exploration would largely improve our knowledge of the Solar System and the Earth itself; for that many space missions to the "red planet" have been accomplished since the very beginning of the Space Era. The future too foresees other missions to Mars, always more complex and demanding, and perhaps by the end of this century a human footprint could mark the Martian soil. 12.30-13.10 Alessandra Rotundi (Università di Napoli) Collection and Analyses of Extraterrestrial Dust: Stardust & DUSTER ABSTRACT. Dust grains condense in the expanding atmospheres of evolved stars; once injected in the interstellar medium (ISM) are the main responsible for stars and planetary systems formation. Understanding how the dust evolves during the transition from molecular clouds to forming stars, to proto-planetary systems and to planetary bodies requires a strongly multidisciplinary method. It is essential to appeal to different disciplines as laboratory analyses of extraterrestrial materials and cosmic dust analogs, instrument development, solid state physics, mineralogy, astronomical processes simulation, astrobiology and astronomical observations. My research work is characterised by this many-sided approach with the final aim to contribute to constraining the hypotheses on the origin and evolution of the early solar system, in particular of the minor bodies and their possible active role in the origin of life on Earth. I have been performing astronomical observations, producing and analysing cosmic dust analogues, analysing extraterrestrial samples (e.g. Meteorites, Interplanetary Dust Particles, Cometary particles) and contributing to the realisation of instruments dedicated to study in situ or to collect extraterrestrial dust. I will present two projects that I enjoyed particularly among those I developed within my research: Stardust samples laboratory analyses and the DUSTER instrument for the collection of extraterrestrial dust in Stratosphere. 13.10-14.40 LUNCH 14.40-15.20 Vera Rubin (Carnegie University, USA) Women, galaxies, and the universe ABSTRACT. The past 60 years have seen a remarkable increase in our knowledge of the universe, due in large part to the improved astronomical and computer instrumentation now available. After a brief mention of a few of the early women mathematicians and astronomers, I will describe what we now know about the Universe, including my own observations. I will conclude with a few predictions of what we might learn in the next century. 15.20-16.00 Francesca Matteucci (Università di Trieste) The Milky Way 400 years after Galileo ABSTRACT. The faint white strip of light crossing the sky at night and particularly visible from the regions of our planet uncontaminated by man-made light, is marking the disk of the system of 100 billion stars to which we belong: the Milky Way. Four hundred years ago, Galileo pointed his telescope towards the Milky Way and discovered that is made by myriads of stars and not milk. Since then, Astronomy has made gigantic steps and so our knowledge of the Milky Way. The kinematics and the chemical composition of the stars in our Galaxy are providing evidence for the mechanism of formation and evolution of the Milky Way. Models for the formation and evolution of the Milky Way are still under study while a large amount of data coming from the large ground-based telescopes as well as from the space telescopes are providing invaluable constraints for reconstructing the history of our Galaxy and other spiral systems. The most recent ideas on the formation and evolution of the Milky Way, the still open problems, as well as possible future developments in this field will be reviewed. 16.00-16.40 Maria Zuber (MIT, USA) Exploring the Moon Inside and Out ABSTRACT. From the initial telescopic observations of the Moon by Galileo, humankind has been fascinated with the geologic complexity and stark beauty of the lunar landscape. This presentation will discuss how observations of the shape and topography of the Moon and its internal structure have provided clues on how the Moon formed and evolved. 16.40-16.50 Conclusions
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